Record of economic reform in Vietnam

 About the author: Gu Xiaosong
1958   10 Born Gaozhou, PhD. Guangxi Academy of Social Sciences Institute of Southeast Asia, researchers, Guangxi University, Dean of Foreign Languages, Master Tutor. principally engaged in international economic and political, regional economic and other research. published Domestic reform and opening up Vietnam's first research monograph.
Zeng Mexico: once as one of the poorest countries in the world, Vietnam is now the poor stand staged a the outstanding economic performance, Vietnam has attracted more and more people's attention. If you look closely we will find that Vietnam's economic growth momentum in fact, like China, are the reform and opening up. Since 1986, Vietnam launched the reform and opening up policy after the chase has been the pace of China's reform and .2006, is the twentieth anniversary of the reform in Vietnam. In the past two decades, Vietnam has undergone a reform, what kind of process? Now, how should we evaluate it results of the reform? In the future, and how to predict its direction of reform? about these issues, we interpret Mr. Gu Xiaosong.
old President, Since when you are interested in Vietnam?
ancient Komatsu: I was in college Vietnamese, in the later work, the working contacts with the Vietnamese are more developed so slowly go out into the side.
Zeng Mexico: the first is when to Vietnam ?
ancient Komatsu: The first time was in September 1991, just a Mid-Autumn Festival, when the China-Vietnam relations have not fully normalized (the normalization of relations in Vietnam in November 1991). I went quite early, feeling Vietnam is still very backward mm or very dark streets at night, people wearing the clothes are rather crude mm but not as we usually think so backward, so terrible.
Zeng Mexico: a recent visit to Vietnam, will not changed so much sense, there is a very big difference?
Gu Xiaosong: Indeed it is. I am most recently in June 2006 to go, this time from south to north to go in a circle. should be said that Viet Nam (in) two decades of reform can indeed be said to be earth-shaking mm from its urban construction, people's basic necessities of life can see that. For example, its transport has changed a lot. we (previously) to its capital, Hanoi, see the streets are bike (riding a tricycle driver in the back), very few motorcycles, small cars. Now go, motorcycles are seen are cars; In addition, the lives of ordinary people, basic needs have changed have a lot. In the past the men usually wear military uniforms or wear the kind of forces hats, shoes, rarely wear out, wear slippers. woman usually wear white clothes, black pants below. Now look, men are generally suit, the woman also wearing a skirt; before we go, they invited us to eat, three or four dishes in general are hungry. Now go, then the table is also very rich. So from the table, They can be seen wearing is still very large changes.
Zeng Mexico: Many Chinese scholars or ordinary Chinese people would agree that Vietnam is following China's reform and in fact, the pace of China as the samples. Vietnamese so they will not have to see it?
Gu Xiaosong: It should be viewed that way. Vietnam, with China's reform and the reform is very similar, there are many Vietnamese believe that a lot of experience to learn from China in the past. At the same should be said that it still has its own thing, it still has its own characteristics, not completely blunt the Chinese to move past experience, it is still doing well.
Zeng Mexico: two decades of the Vietnamese reform process, the most What you are interested in?
Gu Xiaosong: What interested me most is that, very similar to Vietnam and China's national conditions, from the culture is also very close. communicate with them, as if talking to the Chinese exchanges. We studied its culture Ye Hao, the study of its economy, the very convenient.
such as Chinese chess, the world is very popular in both countries only one China, one is Vietnam. If you go to Hanoi to Saigon (now Ho Chi Minh City) to look, squatting on the street where some people do? is chess, is also very popular. China's TV drama to resonate in another country, to explain their values, their culture is very close to. For example, in Vietnam from the reform and opening up, the first introduction of our classical literature, Dream of Red Mansions. : Mr. ancient Vietnamese culture, its reform process are quite understanding. Vietnam has come a reform in the end what kind of road? next speech will tell us, Mr. Gu Xiaosong.
as the former world poorest country, Viet Nam than expected pace of development has become the fastest growing countries in Southeast Asia.
how poor hat off to? economic miracle is how it happened?
ancient Komatsu: Speaking Vietnam, many people may think of the Vietnam War. its (impact) has not completely disappeared, so that the United States bogged down in the quagmire of the Iraq war, people described Iraq as place is still very poor, very backward, is the world's most backward place. in the past does, indeed, Vietnam was very poor, very backward, but it should be said that the recent situation has undergone great changes. In recent years, Viet Nam fast economic growth, attracted worldwide attention. Why is the Vietnamese can in such a short period of time, out of the economic outlook is relatively backward, out of the crisis of the state, out of the world's most backward and least developed countries of the and become the fastest growing countries in Southeast Asia? This should be attributed to two decades of reform and opening up in Vietnam.
2006 the Communist Party of Vietnam held a They believe that reform and opening up two decades of success, indeed the entire Vietnamese economy and society has advanced a big step forward. In addition to recognition of the Vietnamese themselves, the world's many media have reported that Vietnam's reform and opening up with China as a success.
Vietnam's reform and opening up my focus on the following four aspects.
First, the reform of Vietnam in what context is carried out; Second, the specific circumstances of how to reform ; Third, predict the development of Vietnam next; IV compare the situation of China's reform in Vietnam, see Vietnam, what are the implications of reform can give us.
First, What is the background of reform in Vietnam? Why Vietnam to conduct reform? my research result, Vietnam's reform is the case in a compelling, forcing it to reform .20 80 century, Vietnam's economic and social situation is very bad mm when the per capita GDP (gross domestic product per capita value) is probably more than one hundred U.S. dollars, less than two hundred dollars. In such a case, it had to reform.
caused Vietnam's economic and social crisis, what is the reason? I think there are three main reasons. The first One is the long years of war; the second is its long-standing practice of into a very serious crisis.
first important reason for the early years of the war in Vietnam was indeed forged a bond with, one of the important three wars: one against France, one against the United States, and that Cambodia war. The three Vietnam war consumed a large number of national, financial and manpower and that is really about Vietnam's economy reached the brink of collapse and become the world's most backward countries mm in Vietnam could have been a very good natural conditions, is because of the war, the entire economic, social, have become very behind. This is a very important reason.
second very important reason that Vietnam's economic development is not well implemented thirty years of , land collectivization, and companies are nationalized, the entire system is a system of planned economy. The continuation of the planned economy for three decades, it can be said that the Vietnamese economy into a 50 years of the 20th century, per capita food have been three hundred sixty kilograms of. But in the 70's, did not increase the per capita food, but greatly reduced, about two hundred and fifty kilograms or so. planned economic system, indeed constrained Vietnam development.
third very important reason is that after the reunification of North and South Vietnam, South Vietnam was a very almost two decades, the economy is already very well developed, the foundation of a market economy has been very good. If the Vietnamese after the reunification with the North to implement a different policy, the situation may not be the same.
I used to joke to say that if Vietnam has a foresight, like China to Hong Kong, Macao, as to Vietnam North-South reunification, when South Vietnam with the same thing that happened in Thailand. was an important city south of Saigon in Vietnam's economic status are even better than Bangkok, Saigon was also known as the consistent with the policy of the North, the nationalization of all enterprises, rural collectivization, 80% of the land collectivization, and 90% of the companies nationalized. What in the city which adopted a policy? is called the capitalism the destruction of productive forces of society are a lot of damage.
following the second question I said, Vietnam's reform and opening.
Vietnam's reform and opening up, really started in 1986 In 1986 the historical process of Vietnamese an important milestone. This year, in July, ruling for twelve years in Vietnam as a strong leader Le Duan died .12, Vietnam's Communist Party of Vietnam held a six, in six, known as significant role in promoting. Vietnam's reform, first of all we can see its reform model. I think the model of reform in Vietnam is about the same with China, but also a progressive reform. I think there are several points worthy of our attention. The first is its ideology, or adhere to Marxism-Leninism, Ho Chi Minh Thought as the guide. Vietnam is to promote Ho Chi Minh Thought mm in the guiding ideology, he not engage in diversification. Second, it continues to adhere to the leadership of the Communist Party, not to engage in multi-party Vietnam currently has only one system mm party, the Communist Party, which is engaged in socialism under the leadership of the Communist Party. Third, the reform step by step to stabilize the mm the first to rural reform, rural reform and achieve results, and then advance to the city, then go forward to other aspects. So from the perspective of its reform model, we believe that Vietnam is also carried out a progressive reform. The second aspect, the practice of reform in Vietnam is a market-oriented socialist market economy into , the first break in the system of ownership of the past, decentralization, autonomy and management. cooperatives also decentralized, and the land to the peasants, the implementation of contracting, it is to promote public ownership, collective ownership, private ownership coexist.
second aspect, the planned economy gradual transition to a market economy. In the past, Vietnam is engaged in a planned economy (including enterprises, cooperatives are like this, what is produced, sales price, are all designated by the state of implementation of the plan). Thus, there is no production and operation of enterprises and the autonomy of cooperatives . Through reform, which put the plan into a specified program guidance, businesses and farmers have the enthusiasm to produce, according to market demand to production and sales.
Third, the allocation of Vietnam is also engaged in the past the effectiveness of the still relatively large.
agricultural reform, enterprise restructuring comprehensive attack, opening up shine.
two decades of reform of the way, what Vietnam has achieved results?
the face of unpredictable market wave, turbulent international situation, sustained economic growth, a dream or reality?
effectiveness of the reform in Vietnam, mainly in the following four aspects:
First, the reform in agriculture. agrarian reform should be and reform is one of the most significant areas. We know that Vietnam is an agricultural country, 80% of the population in rural areas, so the reforms started from the rural areas. It started from the 80's put the dissolution of cooperatives, decentralization of the land assigned to households , the implementation of contract system. in the contracting process, the farmers as an autonomous business units, the enthusiasm has been enhanced mm production of food, other crops are in accordance with the market to decide. Therefore, the Vietnamese agricultural reform, the effectiveness of the very significant, food production is doubled from 80 mm less than twenty million tons, increased to nearly forty million tons now. Now, Vietnam's annual exports of about five million tons of food to become the world's second rice exporter after Thailand . Vietnam in addressing the food security (issue), the also adjust its industrial structure, vigorously develop some economic crops, such as coffee. Now, Vietnam has become the world's second largest coffee producer and exporter. there Some aquaculture industry, such as mariculture, Vietnam is relatively successful, it is now an annual seafood exports reached over three billion U.S. dollars.
the effectiveness of a second more significant areas of reform is the reform of enterprises. Vietnam's enterprise reform, including the two aspects: one is state-owned enterprises, which used to be more than twenty thousand, and now more than four thousand left. is mainly what measures? is , the Vietnamese community there are many idle capital, Vietnam in order to mobilize the enthusiasm of these funds, to develop the private economy and private economy.
third effect is the outside world. Vietnam in the past adopted a policy was the effectiveness of foreign aid, etc. are significant. Until 2005, Vietnam's foreign investment projects with foreign signed a total of six thousand eight hundred, the total investment amount is sixty-four billion U.S. dollars, capital in place has thirty-four billion U.S. dollars. In foreign trade, expand the number of countries that export market. reform and opening up, its annual growth rate of foreign trade volume is about 20%. Thus, it is foreign investment, foreign trade and economic growth as two major power. Vietnam Economic growth is also a promotion, people get real benefits. Vietnamese in daily life, great changes in four aspects. You can also trade from our structure with the Vietnamese see, for example, we Guangxi (learned), At first, Vietnam imports of Chinese bicycles. But now, it is our motorcycle imports, our cars; there, it just started importing our fans, air conditioners are now mostly imported. Thus, the Vietnamese people improving living standards, and it also increased the demand. Vietnam's reform and opening up the past two decades, tremendous changes have indeed occurred.
the third part, predict the next step of reform and development situation in Vietnam.
Vietnam, nine and ten in the Vietcong, all the development goals it has been predicted. Vietnam is required in 2020 than in 2010, doubling the gross national product per capita GDP reached more than a thousand dollars, to achieve modernization, industrialization . predict the next development in Vietnam, I think you can put it on the Southeast Asian regional perspective, such a horizontal comparison. According to the current development trend, by 2010, Vietnam is likely to catch up with Indonesia and the Philippines. 2020 is likely to catch up with Thailand. Why forecast? I think the main point based on the following considerations.
First, Vietnam is the world's developing countries, one of the best natural conditions, in Southeast Asia can be said to be the best. one-third of its land is plain, the two delta mm Red River Delta, the Mekong Delta are the coal and so on. Also, Vietnam is a long strip of country, with three thousand two hundred kilometers of coastline, so it is rich in resources. In particular, rich human resources mm eight million people in Vietnam, very young, so the spending power is Strong.
Second, the reform of Vietnam, is constantly in-depth, and its development potential is released. Vietnam after two decades of reform, it should be said that the market economy is basically take up the framework, its reform has become an irreversible trend.
Third, the present international environment is more conducive to Vietnam. Because the development of this country in Vietnam with a close relationship between the external environment. Vietnam is very friendly relations with many countries, it is more in the international arena and more and more to play its role. This is to attract foreign investment and expand foreign markets, are very favorable for foreign aid.
From this point of view, their conditions are very good in Vietnam, but also a very good reform trend, coupled with a good external development environment, if maintained in accordance with the trend growth (annual growth rate can probably maintain the 7% m8%), 2010, doubling its gross national product should be able to (or even may accelerate the pace of development in Vietnam, the average annual growth rate of 10% of the possibility exists), if the state does not occur a number of major emergencies, I think, it to catch up with Indonesia and the Philippines in 2010, 2020 to catch just around the corner on Thailand.
two decades of economic reform, Vietnam followed China's pace of success achieved attention.
What characteristics of reform in Vietnam?
the same situation, similar problems, the Vietnamese will bring us what Inspiration?
Finally, we come to compare China's reform in Vietnam.
First, from the model point of view, much the same. China is now a progressive reform in Vietnam, have been successful, it is certainly worth .
Second, the reform of Vietnam, there is also a lot of imitation and learning experiences and practices in China, and achieved success. At the same time, we should also see Vietnam in the study and imitation of other countries to reforms, not mechanically, but in conjunction with their national circumstances, combined with their own reality, my way.
According to my observation, the Vietnamese reform it, is still very modest, very careful. For example, it now live it stage of development called the market economy. It attached great importance to people's livelihood and the development of private economy, people to get rich. with our present words, Vietnam is the country poor people rich, it strongly encourages the development of domestic economy, the development of private economy.
Vietnam now has a very important issue, that is, land ownership issues. It is public land, but its land use rights owned by individuals, the use of the right to transfer, can be inherited, can be traded. We went to Hanoi to Saigon, to see a lot of workers, cadres, each person will share his three-fifty square meters of land to build their own house, so everyone has a three-five of the floor. If his house and land ownership, the right to use add up to the value of his property is not low, and his The average value of the property may be comparable with China, even more than our average. we can see that it is concerned about the livelihood of the people.
Third, carrying out reform in Vietnam, it is focus on national characteristics. For example, it is now to promote Ho Chi Minh Thought, hold high the banner of Ho Chi Minh. Ho Chi Minh thought is proposed by the seven, eight to be improved, nine essentially a framework. Therefore, the reform process in Viet Nam attaches great importance to its national characteristics.
Fourth, China in the reform process in Vietnam are facing similar problems. For example, China with Vietnam on the issue of uneven development (very similar), including urban and rural imbalances, regional imbalances, the problem is the same. There both sides there is the issue of state-owned enterprise reform, corruption problems, and even corruption occurred in the same area is also striking mm, for example, the transport sector (corruption) is a high incidence area in China, in Vietnam, too. I recently read to the report, Vietnam's Transport Minister, Deputy Minister, the following company (leaders) because of corruption, was >