Multi Cultural Criticism in the Viewpoints (written)

 Multi Cultural Criticism in the Viewpoints
host if the host
Wang Xiaohua

Pursue a unique way of living and writing posture standing in contemporary Chinese literature. Critics in the comments Viewpoints, the fact is not in the comments as a writer Pursue personal, but an important comment on social / cultural phenomenon. Pursue formal response to the phenomenon.
pious intentions and backward cultural construction of Choice
Wang Xiaohua
Viewpoints is a tendency as a strong writer, especially his recent work, mainly characterized by distinctive point of view Therefore, evaluation of the Viewpoints approach with appreciation of art style is clearly not applicable. I think that the evaluation of the Viewpoints of the major scale there are two: First, to Pursue on the overall development of Chinese culture to examine the historical process; Second, on the Pursue the development of human culture to examine the overall process. The two scales are the scales of history. to these two scales to measure the Viewpoints, it is easy for the overall process of cultural development to locate get a real sense of conclusion.
from the first yardstick, the Viewpoints of value orientation clearly has its positive side, because he is essentially about Zhegerenye a series of text than make up for lack of Chinese culture This lack of. to the Chinese Confucian culture as the main body of the Confucius culture since the existence of transcendental hold Suspended attitude, although the set of Taoist Culture in the presence of transcendence, but we have kept from seeing the history of the text Heaven is a Taoist has a strong secular means, and sometimes simply moved to the secular picture of the sky. Marxism into China this century, added a point for the future of Chinese culture and the transcendence of a pole; However, due to reasons known to all that integration of sub-cultural encounter some setbacks .80 years after the people of China as part of the cultural transformation of Chinese culture began a campaign to try to increase the transcendence of Chinese culture, a pole, so that people will be all things with the ultimate things linked. The most famous example is Liu Xiaofeng. He tried to introduce Christianity to the Chinese people to learn the ultimate concern and ultimate thinking. In the literature, Zhang Wei, Zhang Chengzhi, Shi Tiesheng three writers on behalf of such efforts. Among them, the Viewpoints are the most extreme and although the rich colors of a heresy, but his religion is no doubt that we in his long-term point of view, Pursue the efforts of others to change Chinese culture and Chinese people's national character must have a positive meaning.
from the second yardstick, the Viewpoints of value orientation showed a significant limitation and ignorance of, even with the final point of human history runs counter to the side. the course of human history is a process of differentiation: the original race community (who only race consciousness, there is only us, but not in my to blog Community as a practice unit) r class society (awareness of race to differentiate into class consciousness and self-consciousness was born) r free personalized social (personal universal as the individual and social life to the full implementation of the individual level, the freedom of the human person as Marx said, the joint body). Now human society is in a class society from the individual to freedom of the process of social transformation. With this transformation, the original leader / public dichotomy is gradually being dispelled. because of this dichotomy in a unique setting individual (leader) of the time, countless people in the state of the cluster of personality-free, in fact, at the expense of millions of people to achieve individuality of a person's individuality. Pursue apparently did not understand this. In his is also recognize their own Viewpoints may not be aware of: the company of his choice of low-level people, not want them to become independent entities, but rather want them to become his followers, which means people will always be the bottom of the bottom of the people, that is, relative to the leader in terms of the masses; that is, they not only can not be saved, and no individual will be more sink on the cluster state. fulfill the sense of a leader of the Viewpoints, we must sacrifice a lot of people's individuality. Therefore, the Viewpoints to people to become agents of Zhegerenye, although there may be good intentions, but the result is not saved, but to save the opposite. save a person from the most basic sense, is to make him the individual. This is, no matter from our daily life, or from the opposite pairs. understand this, how to evaluate the Viewpoints is self-evident. As Pursue a fundamental lack of thought, he wanted to promote the religious consciousness of the Chinese culture to increase beyond a very hard, though has its positive significance, but it is bound to be not completely successful, even make the situation back in Chinese culture.
away from the God of metaphysics: the Viewpoints of wrong
GE Hong
20 century and the collapse of culture Reconstruction era of coexistence, such as Jaspers said, it is still the end of mankind, is any nation or individual can not escape the re-casting of the era. China is no exception, it is in this period, the most in history occurred in China spectacular social experiment and the transformation of all the people, it is clear that these tests and the transformation of the surface, caused a sensation, countless blood sacrifices, but they did not touch the deep cultural roots of Chinese Traditional, it is still strong, still in the thick layer of protection under the domination the people's spirit. end of the century was a period of reflection, Wang Xiaoming, have launched on the exploration, reflection and for all this performance. In this tide, the Viewpoints of the sound is unique, he found the Zheherenye. Indeed, in addition to the basic necessities of human survival needs than the spirit, this not a profound truth, but what about the spirit in the end it complicated. Western religious traditions, their thinking is human and God, man and nature; and China have a Chinese tradition, Chinese people first thought is people and society, China is a land of ethics. anything that is not based on traditional Chinese thought on the spirit of the so-called radical transformation can not be successful in China.
Pursue probably will not be successful, because China does not need a new religion of God, and more need for a metaphysical god. Heidegger, according to the human spirit has been the Zhi divided into two: one is the god of metaphysics, a religion of God. Although the former , post his thoughts are quite different, but he still choose to end the god of metaphysics can not fall back as the fall back, the spokesman for God, God does not exist in the other side but the secular poets and those who think. The idea that we can pursue Nietzsche, God announced that he is a dead one, on the other hand lantern looking for God's people; he rejected the religion of God, certain that the people will rule the metaphysical mm, the emptiness of experience in the presence of wide range in the face of reality. It all tells us that end of the century scholars should do is to reject God, religion, national intellectual wealth away pursuing the metaphysical light of God, in the garden looking for philosophical speculation is the spiritual home century Chinese philosopher of the right path.
Pursue certainly did not go in the right path, the path of religion, although the sacred color of martyrdom, can give the money of real life, the pleasure of, pollution of the salvation, but it is not a universal way. It guides the ecstasy, is the curse of this life, is tears, blind obedience, and even blood, is to transcend the body of the spirit of hard labor and tired, is hard to balance, is walking in a modern civilization on the road opposite. As the cement in the post-industrial era on the road is impossible, like buckwheat, this regressive way to find San entirely utopian. Heidegger lies in the modern style of man and machine (Industry) of the reconciliation of opposites, to take a completely opposite way with the big machine is simply not possible.
perhaps more important issue is that the Viewpoints of doctrine. honest and modern society is a hustle and bustle of times, people, and there is no uniform point on the truth, one can only stand in the center position of race talk, but ethnocentrism is behind this era of knowledge within the system and numerous democrats ethnocentric, so that no single actual ethnocentric impossible. As a result, a profound ethnocentrism, he should also be an anti-ethnocentric person. he should their race central to his belief system contains knowledge of equality, democratic awareness, it means a spirit of self-criticism and doubt. Clearly Viewpoints do not do this, he did even on the contrary, a non- rational way, way exaggerated feeling of absolute faith in his publicity. I do not mean to Pursue a saint without prejudice, modern philosophical hermeneutics relevant insights Blindness, vision integration theory, has so I do not believe What is What is God's spokesperson, clean Chinese thinking, to the Chinese people's thoughts into divine mandate is not a person can do (of course, whether this is a task in doubt).
to the Viewpoints of perception, He could follow a path of pursuing the God of metaphysics, that the contemporary spirit to a unified standpoint of both traditional and contemporary atmosphere of the ideological system, to the people to show over time as the inspiration of God; but he did not do, he did not even stand in the position of the Chinese nation as a whole.
I appreciate Pursue earlier texts, such as light of these works have the power Shocking, but apparently the Viewpoints increasingly idealistic absolute. My view is that an absolute idealist is actually a nihilist, and only the present world, reality seen too dark, desperate, nothing too much only people who need a God of absolute idealism branches. a look forward to the dawn of how people will think he is not still in the dark as well?! Viewpoints is a nihilist, he hold on reality today is that nihilistic attitude, he is the future of China is also little hope (even including his Zheherenye). Many of his articles and speeches have shown this. so I thought , Viewpoints of the problem is not only a China's Select truth. China has been the lack of a complete system of metaphysics than for the purpose of the Chinese thinking, the speculative nature of the lack of holiness, the lack of overall base point in human history beyond the specific part of the questioning; the Chinese people suffering from deficiency of metaphysics, the Chinese people should Call of metaphysics God, not a religious God. end of the century the Chinese people should think about is how upright between heaven and earth, how to make themselves a divine person, not to join, dedicated to an alien God, and these only metaphysics can give us.
the absence of critical reason
Fan Qinlin
I think that the Viewpoints is a complex cultural phenomenon, the Viewpoints of assessment has been not just confined to the field of literary criticism. Aestheticism Literature Critics of the Viewpoints is useless. although they can claim often lost in mystery and so on. However, all of the Viewpoints and do not care. In a sense, the Viewpoints he was not in what to write fiction, but is more like writing fiction under the guise of a social text, history text or religious texts. More precisely, I also pay more attention to Pursue the latter, he History of the Soul, the road of literature, from the and seek the path of his spiritual home. , feminine, to treat all cultures, he wants to use this piece of land in China, found the is good.
problem is that the Viewpoints is a backward culture, its fulcrum, to relatively advanced cultural criticism. This criticism only in the premise of cultural relativism was able to set up. But cultural relativism fatal flaw is that it negates the nature and stage of cultural development. In fact, advocates that the Viewpoints superstition, blind obedience and irrational devotion. Confucian culture is not lacking. Confucian culture is definitely the kind of lack of skepticism and science, the practice of democracy and the spirit of personal freedom. and these, in the Viewpoints of utopia does not provide. So, Pursue this criticism for the value of Confucian culture on the big can doubt. for criticism of Confucian culture, it is necessary , but this must be the fulcrum for a more advanced culture, and criticism should not be a trial in itself, but should be a dialogue, with a two-way permeability, is a critical and self-critical of the Community. and Zhang Chengzhi criticism was due to give up the self-criticism for Zheherenye reduced quality of his cultural criticism.
Overall, I think the critics and the Viewpoints of differences is not the faith and do not want to believe, but is the inner meaning of faith. appears to have faith in the Viewpoints is better than no religion, while critics view blind obedience, and give up the pursuit of the dream of earthly paradise to the religious ecstasy, no doubt will be the greatest obstacle to social progress.
As one scholar has pointed out: we are the greatest danger is obscurantism, rather than nothing doctrine. nihilism While there is no constructive, but it does not have a deceptive, it is not posturing, posturing, nor under the heading of faith into the people unwittingly death; and all this obscurantism but had can easily be done. It hides make human reason, people who have come to be slaves, to make some people's thoughts and beliefs of the slaves. we now need most is a healthy skepticism and deep critical reason, Do not say that faith is the general academic study to be marked with a question mark, it all repeatedly asked fiction, science and religion is essentially the struggle between science and theology, or said dispute. Pursue with the idea of human nature of humanity, against the elite culture Shinto deity in opposition to one layer. In a sense, is likely to be in the Viewpoints the process of modernization of history plays a comic role.
beyond the Human Spirit, review our basic starting point, they would not begin to discuss not been falling in the culture, countries, means that a history of internal and external attack embarrassment. from the outside, we as a less developed third world countries and the East is relatively developed Western countries, is facing strong Western political, economic, cultural temptation to squeeze pressure and challenges. but from within it, the Chinese culture as the center of the system is facing the edge of the internal challenges of minority cultures, and ethnic conflicts within the relationship that if not handled properly, it will become the collapse of national civil unrest or national decisive internal factors. In short, we need to deal with the challenges of international multi cultural, but also deal with internal complex cultural conflicts. While this external political, economic and cultural challenges in the last century and the turn of the century to exist, but that time is assigned to the dominant trend of international cooperation is the establishment of the nation-state trends in the world by the West to the East dispersion; and now, by contrast, is divided by a cultural diversity to the expansion period. from This China, Chinese Culture, Chinese intellectuals the most distinctive Zhegerenye Muslim religious spokesmen, oppressive system of official complaints and challenges; on the Western mainly seen in the Whether we can explain them to do what many should not be avoided so that the three basic facts: First, that the silence of the thunder exploding mm Zhegerenye Hui's voice from the edge given to the Chinese cultural center challenge, this challenge is at least forty years of the founding of new China, a wide range of performance for the first time publicly. Second, the kind of crisis in the Western sense of dismemberment of China, the East is a unique voice of protest. Third, more importantly, is that the Viewpoints Reversal of the contradiction: less developed / modern and traditional / Westernization, dictatorial, authoritarian / democratic, pluralistic and integrated, unified / confusion, split hhmm China and Chinese culture but also their immediate and urgent in this unprecedented level of external survive the challenge? That last point for those just life experience with the mainland intellectuals, it is not easy to have a sense of Audition. It is also in this, Pursue knowledge for those who provide a very meaningful location reference point. However, for the above, the Chinese cultural front is not only a lack of real response, but also intentionally and unintentionally involving Viewpoints text of the may have a history of rationality, to Pursue the specific content of the recent text of view, is the rebellious spirit of the Red Guards are essentially the same distinction. because the Red Guards, where is to Inner Mongolia to Central Asia and the hinterland, the Northwest Loess Plateau and the Tianshan area, and more importantly, he is not a foreign culture as folk songs and the contemplation of customers who, but as a true son of the students and minority cultures, to grasp the hearts of minority culture model and then model the true spirit of this land to show us out. so that he conducted for his cultural criticism and laid a solid base. Thus, Western culture and his criticism of Chinese culture itself, despite its critical not detailed, but also sketchy, but his text is not only not poor cultural Rhyme, and have actually become very rich, eye-catching. In addition, he not only with my view) a good beating, he also actively go from the traditional Chinese culture to uncover a more than ten years of literary creation, contribution to the culture of the new era is obvious.
Finally, I would like to add two points: first, China and the DPRK since the last century, ethnic and cultural crisis facing China since the introduction of our ancestors, or from the West save the nation strong and the people of the road, or trying to make the transformation of traditional Confucian culture, meaning does not exist in the text between the lines of fixed content, but by the text and interpretation in a certain historical context of the dialogue, and therefore what we regard to interpretation of the Viewpoints, to how to enlarge the text of his possible significance point to not only determine our understanding of the Viewpoints, but also determines the number of Viewpoints (including our own) can play a historic role in the nature and extent. So let us multi-faith dialogue, abandoned self-righteous loyalty unnecessary dispute.
rescue myth and self-centered city
Wang (Chinese Department of Nanjing University, PhD)
comment Chengzhi, is inseparable from the cultural background of the moment, as a personal and cultural choice, Viewpoints should be beyond reproach. in such a culturally diverse as the fashion of the times, everyone has the right freely to choose their own cultural standpoint, but he should keep his personal position, while should not force image as before, the spokesman for the mass itself, condescending, of course regard themselves as the center of social and cultural order.
the surface, the Viewpoints as if the common fate, on their position against the position of intellectual and cultural elite, intellectuals criticized corruption and contempt for intellectuals Beisuo personality (at this point, he collapsed in fact, consistent with Wang Shuo, Wang Shuo looks though seems to be his mm at the top of intellectuals, however, a small paradox is: Since the Viewpoints never look at those who criticized his (Pursue said in a public place: he disdains to reduce the level of their own intelligence to those critics point to debate with them. And those critical of his treatment is simple: do not look at them), he knows how the intellectual level of those critics, must, without exception, much lower than his? This is a kind of intellectual self-confidence from the bottom of the bones, or just a guilty conscience?
there in the Viewpoints, the world is a habitat in which he did not object, so he can say ; (which is also in that his public remarks. It also won him a burst of applause) to the group without having to ask ourselves, not to blush. He was standing outside world, it carried out attack, they themselves are not test the laws of this world. This kind of a person against the whole world the courage and heroic, reminiscent of the Chinese culture, short-lived pioneer feat of the eighties. Unfortunately, the Viewpoints refused to dialogue with the world, just as he refused to answer critics criticism of him as his own and the world, dug a deep chasm, I do not know the need for self-protection, or the desire for self-isolation. the old Pioneer is no longer alone in the world compared with the present insurance alone on the way back, but stopped a religious prophet-like posture, declaring the fall when the world to notice the dawn of salvation.
Pursue this kind of attitude is essentially the performance of individual heroism, the hero myth is that he used to fight when the world of the spirit of the weapons. Kitajima said: In an age without heroes / I just want to be a human being; and Viewpoints want to say is: in a fallen era, the only hero is my choice. the kind of Heroes have been feeling bloated.
If we say that a culture of resistance began to Pursue lonely situation is a cultural logic of the inevitable consequences of awe, then, more later, the Viewpoints alone the basis of self-confidence and perseverance come from? so, Viewpoints in fact set up their own dark double transcendence: one on top than on the culture of corruption, the representative of the contemporary intellectual elite; the other he may not admit, that that he repeatedly talks about CD people who were not suffering the underlying culture of pollution (such as pollution of Confucianism), they are the or advocate (such as ; rulers So to say people Fallen, culture, the symbolic fallen under the rule of tyranny, so that the Viewpoints Sima Qian had repeated back the image of the Warring States assassin, Jing Ke, Nie Zheng became his praise of the heroic, individualistic style to die as he charmed the spiritual uprising to the state. this logic, the Viewpoints of Yantai Zi Dan is just a hired killer. that > In fact, such a contradiction in cultural beliefs from the Viewpoints ), it is more powerful, more able to show the great hero; also need to be saved to create a culture of public background mm realize their own in order to create their own legitimacy and sanctity of existence.
I do not want to blame the Viewpoints as a The symbol of the passion of the times that pioneering spirit has touched me deeply. However, today's Viewpoints (and Zhang Wei), has been tough from the loneliness of cultural resistance to a backward-looking, and even illusory utopia . This is Viewpoints is Zhegerenye, Zhang Wei, is in a more primitive non-governmental social ideal (reflected in The positive significance of the present era of utopian pursuit of the lost culture is a symbol of spiritual atrophy, but Utopia has always been two kinds: one is spontaneous, one is conscious. spontaneous utopian looking back, always thought worse than before therefore reject contemporary, fled to the history of an illusory golden age, such as the ancient Chinese sage, Utopia is committed to the future, in front of their eyes, conscious planning a utopian situation exists, the contemporary is not the object must be abandoned, but a negative starting point is the beginning of utopian planning. indulge in the illusion of backward-looking utopia, which intense criticism, refused to contemporary, it is against the contemporary significance, and even to that sense digestion, leads the opposite.
as a personal and cultural choice, I would like on the Viewpoints (and Zhang Wei) keep a proper respect. However, when the Viewpoints is based on super-personal posture, he question of our time, the question can not be the same age. the intellectual superiority (question, in any case is not convincing. Pursue reason to write a literary writing of the identity of silence, ignoring the outside world any comments (although sometimes too much attitude, but stick to the individual as a solitary type of literature, it is beyond reproach), but can not act as an era ...